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ABSTRACT
Vibrio Species are widely distributed in aquatic habitats, while some species are harmless; most are a significant threat to human health because of their complex interaction of virulence factors. Vibrio infections are a major public health concern worldwide. It becomes even more complicated by the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio species. This research was undertaken to critically analyze the virulence and antibiogram of vibrio species obtained from different sampling locations including the Ikpoba Hill River in Ikpoba Ohka town and Ekosodin, located within the Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The water obtained from these sampling sites was subjected to membrane filtration and then the filter was transferred to a Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts sucrose agar which is incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. The resulting growth reveals a greenish-yellow coloration which is indicative of Vibrio spp presence. Water samples obtained from the Ikpoba River had a total heterotrophic count ranging from 37.60 cfu/100ml to 45.70 cfu/100ml. Reservoir water samples had a total heterotrophic count ranging from 1.65 cfu/100ml to 2.35 cfu/100ml, while well water samples ranged from 6.95 cfu/100ml to 7.75 cfu/100ml. Sub-culturing and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the specific isolates to be Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and other Vibrio species. All Vibrio isolates displayed resistance to cefotaxime (CTX) and nalidixic acid (NA) while being susceptible to ciprofloxacin (CIP), chloramphenicol (CPZ), tetracycline (TET), and amikacin (AMK). This highlights the potential for these waterborne pathogens to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics, making treatment of infections more challenging. These findings emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance, public health interventions, and water quality management strategies to mitigate the risk of Vibrio infections and combat antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments.
