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ABSTRACT
The transition from conventional fossil fuels to more environmentally friendly alternatives has spurred substantial research into cleaner combustion technologies for power generation. A noteworthy candidate in this regard is synthesis gas (syngas), a fuel blend primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This review paper delves into the utilization of syngas in internal combustion (IC) engines for electric power generation, offering a comprehensive examination of its production and application. Commencing with a concise introduction to syngas as a viable fuel source, we explore its historical background and evaluate its suitability for contemporary combustion technologies. The synthesis methods for syngas production are thoroughly examined, emphasizing their historical significance and the inherent advantages of syngas as a fuel. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of syngas relevant to IC engines are investigated, with a particular focus on fundamental combustion characteristics and cost-effectiveness. The central focus of this project revolves around assessing the feasibility of employing syngas as the primary fuel in IC engines, considering its impact on engine performance characteristics. Furthermore, we explore on-board fuel reforming techniques to enhance the efficiency of IC engines by producing syngas for use in vehicles. These methods are closely connected to research findings regarding the behavior of syngas and its blends when utilized in IC engines. Our analysis underscores the critical factors that influence the advantages of syngas deployment in IC engines, including the choice of syngas production method, the selection of the base fuel for reforming, combustion properties, engine combustion systems, and operating conditions. The insights provided in this review are invaluable for guiding future research on syngas as a potential fuel source for IC engines in the context of electric power generation in Nigeria
