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ABSTRACT
The potential of Citrus fruit suitability as antigen retrieval solution method is a major step in locally made brand of antigen retrieval solution with its availability and potential use in research and diagnosis. Cost of Immunohistochemistry test is on high side in Nigeria as a developing country, many cancer patients had lost their lives in the cause of seeking alternative remedies to their prevailing health challenges due to financial constrain encountered in cost of ihc test. Antigen retrieval is a versatile step in immunohistochemistry test, its relevance makes diagnosis of cancer effective for proper treatment and prognosis. Fifty (50) positive formalin fixed breast tissue that were already analyzed using commercially prepared antigen retrieval solution (thermoscientific - ephredia) were randomly selected for this study. Antigen retrieval for the immunohistochemistry of breast cancer formalin fixed tissue helps in exposing the epitope of protein from antigen of cancer cell making it available for antigen-antibody to bind together on cells of tumor. Heat induced epitope retrieval method (heir) was used along with breast markers namely Estrogen receptor (er), Progesterone receptor (pr) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor (her2) antibodies. Heamatoxylin and eosin method was used in demonstrating the general tissue structures to show the pleomorphic appearance of the cells invading the stroma, showing an irregular shaped with hyperchromatic nuclei. Nuclear and cytoplasmic meshworks exposed without any background stain were observed. Data analysis shows that Estrogen receptor marker results in Citrus limon extract antigen retrieval were positive with brown intensity score of 3 and proportion of stain score 5, having Thirty – five (35) sections positive (70%). Progesterone receptor results in Citrus limon extract antigen retrieval show positive with brown intensity score of 3 and proportion of stain 5, having Forty-one (41) sections positive (82%). Her 2 receptor neu results shows Seventeen (17) sections (34%) positive with complete and intense brown circumferential membrane staining within >10% of tumor cells in Citrus limon extract antigen retrieval. Use of Citrus solution is another source of antigen retrieval solution that can be explored for the immunohistochemistry test.
