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ABSTRACT
Dyes are widely used in various industries especially in the textile industry, but when released into water bodies untreated, they cause serious environmental pollution. This research focuses on how a mixture of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes in aqueous solution can be adsorbed using natural bentonite clay (unactivated) and bentonite clay mixed with Titanium dioxide as catalyst (activated). The adsorption process was carried out under different experimental conditions, including dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature and pH, to find the optimum parameters for maximum dye removal. Batch experiments were carried out, and the results were analyzed using isotherm models such as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and kinetic models like the lagerenan pseudo first order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The results showed that pH had an impact on dye removal, with the highest adsorption occurring at acidic conditions (pH 4). The optimum contact time was 60 minutes, after which dye removal slowed down. The kinetic study showed that the pseudo-secondorder model best described the adsorption process, meaning that chemical bonding played a key role. The results also showed that while natural bentonite was effective in dye removal, the modified clay had a higher adsorption capacity due to improved surface properties. Overall, this study confirms that bentonite clay mixed with Titanium dioxide is an effective adsorbent for removing methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from water and suggests that this method could be useful for treating dye-contaminated water on an industrial scale.
