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ABSTRACT
This research investigated the impact of health expenditure and remittance on life expectancy in Nigeria, utilizing yearly time series data spanning from 1981 to 2021. The study's methodology involves Descriptive Statistics, Unit Root tests, Co-Integration tests, granger causality tests, and the error correction technique for estimation. The unit root tests address stationary concerns, the co-integration test explores long-term relationships, and the error correction mechanism (ECM) examines short-term dynamics and equilibrium values. The core findings drawn from the results are that government health expenditure has a notable and meaningful impact on life expectancy in Nigeria, the inflow of remittances carries a substantial and significant influence on life expectancy in Nigeria, education holds a positive correlation, albeit not statistically significant, with life expectancy in Nigeria, and there is a detrimental association between the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and life expectancy in Nigeria. Both government health expenditure and remittances exhibit a substantial and meaningful influence on life expectancy in Nigeria, holding true for both the immediate term and the extended duration. The study's recommendations include The need for sufficient funding in the healthcare sector for timely vaccine acquisition, immunization, and managing epidemics. The Nigerian government should increase public health spending while improving transparency. Health education should emphasize the benefits of health protection. Remittances can complement insurance but not replace it; universal healthcare coverage is crucial. Exploring innovative funding sources is vital for overall well-being. Government and households share responsibility for health, requiring policies for remittance flows and health investments. Health service providers should combat HIV stigma and provide resources for informed decisions. Establishing more healthcare institutions in rural areas is essential. Improving accessibility through medical bill discounts and promoting health insurance is important. Finally, investment in healthcare facilities and staff is necessary due to shortages and perceived indifference.
