ABSTRACT
This study investigates the relationship between health expenditure and health outcomes in Nigeria, focusing on HIV/AIDS prevalence rates and malaria incidence. Using an Error Correction Model (ECM),data from 2000 to 2021 are analyzed, incorporating variables such as access to healthcare services (AHS),health expenditure (HE), population growth rate (PGR), and unemployment rate (UNEM).
Results indicate a nuanced relationship between health expenditure and HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, with improved access to healthcare services suggesting a potential decrease, although statistically insignificant. Conversely, health expenditure shows a significant negative association with HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, implying the effectiveness of increased investment in healthcare infrastructure and prevention programs.
In malaria incidence, higher health expenditure and population growth rates are linked to reduced rates, emphasizing the importance of healthcare investment. However, the impact of access to healthcare services on malaria remains insignificant, necessitating further exploration.
This underscores the need for comprehensive healthcare policymaking in Nigeria, prioritizing increased investment in infrastructure and addressing social determinants of health. Implementing evidence-based policies can effectively combat HIV/AIDS and malaria and improve overall public health.
