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ABSTRACT
This work is a summary of the environmental challenges facing the development of marginal fields. It also seeks to prefer possible preventive measures as to how the environmental impacts could be brought to the barest minimum.
Oil exploration and exploitation has had disastrous impact on the environment in the region where oil fields are located. This activity has adversely affected people inhabiting the region.
These oil regions consist of diverse ecosystems of mangrove swamps, fresh water swamps, rain forest etc. Due to oil pollution, the area is now characterized by contaminated streams and rivers, forest destruction and bio diversity loss. In general, the area is an ecological wasteland. This affects the livelihood of the indigenous people who depend on the ecosystem services for survival leading to increased poverty and displacement of people.
It is worth noting that the oil industry located within this region has contributed immensely to the growth and development of the country which is a fact that cannot be disputed but unsustainable oil exploration activities has rendered the region to a severe petroleum damaged ecosystem.
