ABSTRACT

Datura stramonium contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids, which are known for their pharmacological and toxicological properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of D. stramonium aqueous leaf extract on the expression of Eiger and Wingless genes and the survival of D. melanogaster. A total of 120 flies, aged 1–3 days, were divided into four groups: control (cornmeal only), and treatment groups receiving 2000 mg/kg, 4000 mg/kg, and 8000 mg/kg of D. stramonium aqueous leaf extract in their feed. After exposure, RNA was extracted from adult flies and used for gene expression analysis via semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Survival analysis was monitored daily over a 21-day period, with flies maintained under controlled environmental conditions. The results revealed a significant dose-dependent increase in Eiger and Wingless gene expression. The 4000 mg/kg group showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) expression of Wingless compared to the control, while Eiger expression was significantly elevated (p < 0.01) at 4000 mg/kg and 8000 mg/kg. Survival analysis indicated a marked reduction in longevity, with the highest dose group (8000 mg/kg) exhibiting 0% survival by day 21. In conclusion, D. stramonium exhibited a dose-dependent modulation of Eiger and Wingless gene expression and significant toxicity at higher concentrations. These findings also highlight the toxic potential of D. stramonium, suggesting its need for controlled use in medicinal and experimental applications.