ABSTRACT
Phyllanthus amarus is a medicinal plant with a broad range of therapeutic benefits. Many scientific papers have been written to show the effectiveness of this herb against ailments such as gastrophies, genital infections, fever, wounds, jaundice and more, including cancers. The present study investigated the effects of 250mg/kg body weight DCM fraction of Ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus on 1, 2 Dimethylhydrazine induced colorectal cancer in Swiss Albino mice. 15 male Swiss albino mice of weight 17-30 g were acclimatized for a week and randomized into 3 groups (5 per group). Group O (-DMH), Group M (+DMH), Group A (DMH+250 mg/kg body weight of DCM fraction of ethanol ext. of P. amarus). 20 mg/kg body weight of DMH was administered orally ( 24 doses, 3 times a week for 2 months). The plant extracts were administered daily for 2 weeks (14days) with the aid of a galvage immediately after colon cancer induction. In the present study, the antioxidant parameters e,g, SOD CAT GSH of control were significantly different from the untreated (group M) as seen in the results (SOD 0.50±0.092 u/mg wet tissue, CAT 1.19±0.268 u/gm wet tissue, MDA 0.16±0.014 u/mg wet tissue ,GPX 0.006±0.0028 u/mg wet tissue, GSH 2.41±1.343 uMGSH/g) But there was no significant difference when the control group O (SOD 2.156±0.64 u/mg wet tissue, CAT 11.66±0.78 u/mg wet tissue, MDA 0.209±0.015 u/mg wet tissue, GPX 0.037±0.014 u/mg wet tissue GSH 1.23±0.087 uMGSH/g) was compared to treated group A (SOD 0.60±0.223 u/mg wet tissue, CAT 6.41±0.782 u/mg wet tissue, MDA 5.047±0.766 u/mg wet tissue, GPX 0.048±0.012 u/mg wet tissue, GSH 0.713±0.065uMGSH/g) For liver function test, there was significant difference between the control group O (25.6±0.58 IU/L) and untreated ( group M 29.1± 0.597 IU/L ) for AST activity in the liver homogenate, but there was no significant difference at p<0.05 for ALT across all groups O (162.96±0.58 IU/L), group A (149.99±5.39 IU/L), group M |(156.56±11.68 IU/L). For kidney function test, the concentration of Na + was ix significantly increased for treated group A (182.057±9.33 mmol) when compared to control O (114.51±5.79 mmol) and DMH group M (208.02±25.24 mmol) , while K+ in control group O (2.656±0.158 mmol) was not significantly different from treated group A (3.24±0.504 mmol) But there was no significant difference when compared to untreated group M (3.24±0.504 mmol) For Bicarbonate ion, for creatinine concentration and urea concentration there was no significant change when the treated group A is compared to the positive control group O Also, the effect of the plant extract was seen in the weights of the animals. There was significant decrease in the weight of untreated (-2.83mg) when compared to control (+2.03mg) and treated ( + 0.55mg) For interleukin 6 the values decreased progressively from positive control O (7.434 ±1.353), through treated mice group A (6.108±0.116), to negative control group M (6.335±0.549) for Caspase 9 values decrease progressively from normal control group O (2.765±0.633 ng/l) through treated mice (2.737±0.099 ug/l) to negative control (2.586±0.128 ug/l). In conclusion, the results obtained showed that administration of the DCM fraction of Ethanol plant extract has some ameliorating potentials against the carcinogenic effects of DMH induced colon carcinogenesis in swisss albino mice.
