ABSTRACT
Control groups are essential for scientific studies, yet their initial accuracy can be uncertain. To address this, baseline data collected from rats over multiple weeks can provide a reference for interpreting experimental data. This study investigated baseline renal function parameters in female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats of different weights to reduce variability and ensure consistency in renal research. Forty rats were divided into four groups based on weight and strain: Group 1 (young adult female Wistar rats, n=10, average weight 120g), Group 2 (adult female Sprague Dawley rats, n=10, average weight 178g), Group 3 (young adult female Sprague Dawley rats, n=10, average weight 126g), and Group 4 (juvenile female Sprague Dawley rats, n=10, average weight 109g). After 14 weeks, organ samples were collected for histopathological examination, renal function parameters, including creatinine, urea, and electrolytes, were analyzed in urine and serum using standardized laboratory techniques, and urinary protein excretion was quantified. Water intake and urinary output were measured, and data were statistically analyzed and visualized using bar charts. Significant variations were observed among the groups: Group 1 had increased water intake, while Group 2 had higher urine output. Urine sodium and potassium levels were lower in Groups 3 and 4. Group 2 showed elevated protein levels, likely due to higher body weight. Group 3 had elevated urine urea levels, while Group 2 had decreased urine urea and creatinine levels. These findings suggest that both rat strains are suitable models for renal physiology research, with younger, lighter rats recommended due to safer variations in renal parameters and protein levels.
