ABSTRACT
Background:
Sinusitis is a widespread medical condition characterized by inflammation of the Para-nasal sinuses and it affects millions of people globally. Sinusitis arises from various factors including exposure to allergies, nasal polyps, bacterial infections (both aerobic and anaerobic origin) which plays a significant role in its development and persistence. Symptoms includes facial pain, nasal congestion, distorted smell and itching running nose, facial swelling throat irritation, thick discolored mucus from the nose known as runny nose.
Traditionally, medical attention has primarily focused on aerobic bacteria when studying sinusitis and neglects the impact of anaerobic bacteria in sinusitis infection. Despite significant role of anaerobic bacteria in sinusitis, these microbes are often under-rated or over looked in clinical practice.
Hence this study is aimed at addressing the knowledge gap and the impact of anaerobic bacteria within the field of sinusitis microbiology by isolating, identifying, characterizing and investigating the anti-biogram of anaerobic bacteria.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 patients diagnosed with sinusitis at a tertiary hospital. Demographic data including age, gender, alcohol consumption co-morbid condition, smoking history, family history, frequency of symptom and antibiotic use were collected using structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were obtained and cultured for bacterial identification.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using the Kirby-Buer disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) assay were conducted using pre-measured concentration of analytical grade antibiotics to determine their potency.
Result: A total of 32 patients distributed across different age groups participated in this study, (28.1%) of the patients falling between 21-25 years, females constituted 56.25% and males 43.75% of the study population. A total of 32 micro-organisms were isolated with p
Pseudomonas spp being the most prevalent bacterial specie (31.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp (29.1%), Staphylocccus spp (21.9%) and lastly Bacillus subtillis (18.8%) approximately.
Sensitivity testing demonstrated varying level of susceptibility to antibiotics with Pseudomonas spp being the most susceptible specie to all antibiotics used and fluoroquinolones having the highest numbers of inhibited growth for each microbes (levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin) MIC assays also highlighted the most potent bactericidal effects of Ciprofloxacin antibiotics at 0.5mcg.
Conclusion: This comprehensive study shed more light on the demographic characteristics, microbial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among patients with sinusitis. The occurrence of specific species and their susceptibility to antibiotics underscores the importance of targeted treatment approaches in managing sinusitis associated infections.
Further researches is warranted to explore additional factors influencing sinusitis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Longitudinal studies tracking demographics trends and microbial dynamics could provide deeper insight into the evolving nature of sinusitis associated infections and inform the development of more effective therapeutic intervention
