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ABSTRACT
This paper presents the optimization of lipase production by Aspergillus niger using a ternary substrate mix through semi-solid fermentation, allowing a liquid material to be used as a feedstock in solid-state fermentation (SSF). A D-Optimal mixture design approach was applied to identify the ideal substrate formulation for maximizing lipase production. An optimized blend of 8.23 g of avocado seed, 4.99 g of coconut, and 1.77 g palm oil mill effluent gave a lipase activity of 189.124 U/gds. A blend of surfactants was used to offer inductive effect on lipase production, with an optimized inducer loading of 0.39 % wt/wt Tween 80, 1.23 % wt/wt Tween 20, and 1.35 % wt/wt Triton-X 100, giving a maximum lipase activity of 416.573 U/gds, a 120.26% increase. This study shows the potential of incorporating a liquid feedstock in SSF, and underscores the importance of both substrate formulation and inducers in enhancing lipase production by Aspergillus niger. The findings contribute to optimizing lipase production processes and understanding factors influencing lipase activity in such fermentations.
