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ABSTRACT
The acute toxicity study results indicated that the N-Hexane leaf extract of Spondias mombin and Ocimum gratissimum exhibited a high safety margin, with no observed signs of toxicity, as the animals tolerated doses of up to 5000 mg/kg body weight administered orally. The substantial safety margin associated with the oral route supports its therapeutic application by traditional healers. The joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (WHO, 2010) states that a substance may be classified as non-toxic if no fatalities are observed at an oral dose of 500 mg/kg. The significant safety margin associated with oral administration endorses its therapeutic use by traditional healers. In sub-acute toxicity studies, daily administration of the extract to animals over a 28-day period resulted in no observed mortality or morbidity.
Normoglycemia refers to the condition characterised by a normal concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. The typical range for blood glucose levels is approximately 80–110 mg/dL. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines a normal fasting blood glucose level as ranging from 70 to 100 mg/dL. The results indicate that blood glucose levels following a single oral dose of 1000 mg/kg of NHLESMOG are presented in Table 4.2. Rats in the group treated with the NHLESMOG mixture (1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood sugar levels after 24, 36, and 72 hours compared to the baseline at 0 hours. The current findings align with those of Effraim et al. (2003), which demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves exhibited hypoglycemic effects in both normoglycemic and neonatal streptozocin-induced diabetes models. The study conducted by Adeeyo et al. (2020) indicates that blood glucose levels remained within normal ranges throughout the experimental period, suggesting that water and Spondias mombin leaf extract do not affect normoglycemic conditions.
