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ABSTRACT
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are common environmental pollutant with substantial health risk for both humans and animals. The kidneys and liver are especially susceptible to the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity because of their role in filtering, eliminating, and detoxifying these harmful substances from the body. This study aimed at evaluating the potential protective effects of aqueous Citrus Sinensis extract on the kidney and liver of Wister rats exposed to lead and cadmium toxicity. Twenty-five (25) healthy adult male albino wistar rats with weights ranging from 100g to 190g were divided into five (5) groups comprising five rats each. Group I (Control group) were administered distilled water daily. Group II were given lead (200mg/kg) and cadmium(100mg/kg) in their drinking water. Group III, IV and V were given Lead(200mg/kg) and Cadmium(100mg/kg) and subsequently also administered Zinc (1mg/kg) and Selenium (1.5mg/kg) daily in drinking water, oral administration of aqueous extract of Citrus Sinensis phytowaste at different doses (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) respectively. Administration lasted for 30days afterwards the rats were sacrificed and the liver and kidney tissues harvested for analysis of antioxidants(CAT,SOD,GSH), lipid perioxidation (MDA), metal bioaccumulation and biochemical parameters AST,ALP,ALT, BILLIRUBIN ,UREA and CREATININ. Results shows a statistically significant increase(p<0.05) of MDA, ALP,ALT, T.protein, Urea and creatinine levels in lead and cadmium and a significant reduction in CAT, GSH,BILLIRUBIN AND ALBUMIN values compared to the control and treated group. The level of lead and cadmium in the kidney and liver tissues of 250mg/kg AECSP were significantly reduced. The result revealed that AECSP even at low doses exhibited nephroprotective and hepatoproctective effects due to its antioxidant properties which has helped to mitigate the oxidative stress caused by administration of lead and cadmium. Further research is needed to optimize the dosage of citrus sinensis extract and develop effective interventions to mitigate heavy metal toxicity and prevent bioaccumulation in organs
