ABSTRACT

Ethanol production is either based on fermentation or on synthesis methods such as the sulphuric acid process or direct catalytic hydration (of ethane). Ethanol is a renewable resource of energy and is potentially cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. Production of ethanol is growing day by day at a great extent for its versatile application and demand. During latest years, production of ethanol by fermentation on a large scale has been of considerable interest to meet to increased demand. Fermentation is a biological process in which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and thereby produce ethanol in addition to carbon dioxide as metabolic waste products.