SIMULATION OF A DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER FOR ENHANCED ENERGY CAPTURE

ABSTRACT

This project focuses on the simulation of a dual axis solar tracker to enhance solar energy harvesting. Traditional fixed solar panels suffer from inefficiencies due to the sun’s movement, limiting their ability to capture maximum solar radiation. The dual axis solar tracker is optimized effectively to rotate both horizontally (azimuth) and vertically (elevation) allowing it to follow the sun’s path throughout the day and across seasons thereby enhancing energy absorption and improving photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency. A simulation-based approach was employed using MATLAB/Simulink to model the system’s dynamic response. Key components include a PID controller for optimized system response, virtual sensors mimicking sunlight detection and motors for precise motion control. The performance of the dual axis tracker was analyzed to determine efficiency improvements. The study also explores optimal control strategies, actuator dynamics and environmental adaptability. The results indicate that the dual axis solar tracker can enhance energy yield by up to 30–40% compared to static systems. The tracker effectively maintains optimal alignment with the sun as confirmed by simulations of panel position, velocity, and motor torque. The findings highlight the potential for increased solar energy efficiency, reduced energy costs and improved sustainability. These insights serve as a foundation for future advancements in solar tracking technology contributing to the broader goal of maximizing renewable energy utilization.