REMOVAL OF PB (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING ACTIVATED CARBON DERIVED FROM COW BONE

ABSTRACT

In this study, cow bone char served as an adsorbent to eliminate lead (II) ions from a water-based solution. The study utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to model and optimize the adsorption process onto cow bone char. Box-Bekhen Design (BBD), a subset of RSM, was employed to explore the impacts of three key adsorption factors (contact time, lead concentration, and adsorbent dosage) on removal efficiency. Numerical optimization, facilitated by the desirability function, pinpointed the optimal conditions for maximal removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of lead (II) ions onto cow bone char. The ideal parameters identified were a contact time of 2.89 hours, an adsorbent dosage of 0.21g, and an initial lead concentration of 59.98 mg/L, at a desirability of 1.000. Under these optimized conditions, the maximum removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of Pb (II) ions were determined to be 0.53%. Characterization studies were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)