ABSTRACT
Thedemandforenergysourcesanduseshasincreasedexponentiallywiththecombinedgrowth of both population and industries. Amongst the energy sources in need, hydrocarbon fuel tops the chart. With all things being in incredibly high demand, most of it is required. The production of sand is a problem associated with most oil deposits globally. And the effects of significant sand production affect safety, well or field economics, and continuous production. Sand production is a severe problem in many oil and gas assets worldwide. It can drastically affect production rates; it can damage downhole and subsea equipment and surface facilities, increasing the risk of catastrophic failure; and it costs producers tens of billions of dollars annually. This has led to the never-ending search for solutions to mitigate sand production in the oil and gas industry over time. Sand management is a complicated issue that a one-size- fits-all approach cannot address. Instead, operators have embraced a multifaceted approach, exploiting the vast array of technologies and expertise available to manage this problem. The methodology often employed is exclusive sand control or passive sand management. The ability to predict when a formation will fail and produce sand forms the basis of what type of sandmanagementstrategytouse,i.e.,whetheradownholesandcontrolsystemwillberequired or a sand management approach. Hence, sand prediction forms the basis for an effective reservoir developmentplan.
Whenoperatinggaswellsdrilledintosemi-consolidatedreservoirs,preventingsandgeneration isasignificantchallengeforgasfields.Sandandsandstoneareoftenusedtocreatethesetypes of formations. Since it is impractical to equip the bottom-hole zone of wells where the formation water causes sand-related problems in flux, chemical consolidation reinforces the reservoir.Intheexperiments,theoreticalandexperimentalmethodsoftypicalanddeveloped
techniques (rheological, filtration, determination of the effective diameter of suspended particles, and so on) were used.
