ABSTRACT
The bark, fruits, leaves, roots, and stems of Azanza garckeana are reported to possess diverse medicinal properties and are used to treat or manage various diseases and ailments include; pains, cough, menstruation, microbial infectious, infertility, liver, aphrodisiac, and many more. This study aimed to investigate the nutraceutical and in-vivo antimicrobial properties (sexually transmitted and urinary tract infection) of A. garckeana in female Wistar rats. The fruit of A. garckeana was shade dried, pulverized, and prepared into methanol extract. The standard procedure of the nutritional (proximate analysis, vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, and elemental compositions) and non-nutritional (qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, ex-vivo antioxidant studies) composition of the extract were evaluated. The in vivo sexually transmitted and urinary tract infection (0.2 103 CFU/ml) was treated with graded doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of A. garckeana methanol fruit extract, 50 mg/kg ciprofloxacin, microbial control (negative control) and normal control on the microbial load, temperature, body weight, hematology, biochemical, hormonal and histopathological effect using a routine animalbased model. The results of the nutritional and non-nutritional constituent of A. garckeana fruit extract elicited that moisture, ash, fiber content, fat, nitrogen, protein, and carbohydrate contents were relatively abundant. A. garckeana fruit extract had stearic acid (36.5442 ug/ml) with the highest peak and Docosahexaenoic acid (0.0728 ug/ml) with the least peak. Also, amino acids had glutamate (14.67031 g/16gofN) as the highest peak and Docosahexaenoic acid (Tryptophan g/16gofN) as the least peak. In the elemental analysis, Zinc (0.893 ppm) is more abundant and chromium (0.00) the least abundant, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (69.47 mg/kg) are more abundant and thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) (0.02 mg/kg) appeared least abundant. The phytochemical screening had the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenol, glycosides, and oxalate, with saponins (72.82 %) as the highest quantity and oxalate (10 mg/100g) the least quantity. The Ex-vivo antioxidant capacities of 1, 1-Diphenyl-1-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity, and total antioxidant capacity of A. garckeana fruit methanol extract had a significant scavenging property when compared with the standards. The microbial properties of the treatment groups revealed an inhibitory effect when compared with microbial control. The hematological, biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological screening of the blood and visceral organs at (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of the fruit extract, elicited a normal physiological effect when compared with the microbial control. In conclusion, this study lends credence to the use of A. garckeana fruit methanol extract as a potent antimicrobial property.
