ABSTRACT
Living organism are made up of different components (such as cell, tissue, organs and system etc), that carried out different metabolic and physiological function in the living organism, for the purpose of growth, development and also for the sustainance of good health. Using albino white rat as a case study of different Enzymatic activities (especially ALT,ALP, AST and GGT)that take place in living organism. The liver is vital organ in living cell that carried out different metabolic functions such as protein synthesis, bile production, excretion and detoxification In living organism. Due to various metabolic activities carried out by the liver, making it vulnerable to alterations induce by reactive oxygen species, due to the clearing various chemical substances and also the transforming them into various harmless substances , which cause proliferation, dysfunction, apoptosis or death of endothelial cell or hepatocytes and alterations of cellular function, which can lead to several damages such as obstructive jaundice, tubular interstitial fibrosis, progressive and acute renal failure, hepatitis, ischaemia, cirrhosis reperfusion and liver stone. The liver when exposed to several chemical substances (carbon tetrachloride) by the living organism by either through inhalation, skin contant and ingestion can cause serious health issues like weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache, lethargy, liver, and kidney damaged. The effect of CCl4 is being studied in this project work using albino white rat as our experiment animals. The hepatotoxins CCl4 was injected through the intraperitoneal region of the rat, to induced kidney damage. After the damage has been done to the liver, a natural plant herb such as entandrophagma utile is used to cure the damage caused by the hepatotoxins. The entandrophagma utile is plant found in the tropical forest region. The bark of entandrophagma utile contain medically active substance like saponin, flavonoids phenol and tannins,, which are phytochemicals has been used to cure condition and illness like ocular irritation, sickle cell illness, stomach duodenal ulcer, liver toxicity and rheumatism. Various processes was carried out on the plant , such as extraction, and filtration, using various solvent such as hexane, ethanol and ethyl acetate and to produce different fractions and components of the herb. This fraction of part herb (entandrophagma utile) was administered on the rat to treat the damage caused by toxicant of CCL4. After various statistical data and observations on different enzymatic activities such aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl aminotransferase assay, carried out the plasma of the rat after it has been sacrificed.
