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ABSTRACT
The result for the synthesis of carboxymethyl wheat starch carried out in this project using different starch to monochloroacetic acid ratios, showed slight variations in the degree of substitution of 0.1665, 0.154, 0.114 and 0.095 to the modified wheat starch of ratios 4:1, 1:4, 1:1.5 and 1.5:1 respectively. From the results, the starch to monochloroacetic acid ratio of 4:1 gave the highest degree of substitution and second highest solubility. The starch to monochloroacetic acid ratio of 1:4 gave the highest solubility peak and second highest degree of substitution, while the starch to monochloroacetic ratio of 1.5:1 gave the lowest degree of substitution and lowest cold-water solubility. Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) is a starch derivative synthesized by chemically modifying the native granular starch molecule through the substitution of some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucose unit of the starch by carboxymethyl group(s). This starch derivative is usually synthesized by the acidic reactants majorly the chloroacetic acid groups. In the synthesis of CMS, a strong base such as NaOH is used to catalyze the reaction.
