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ABSTRACT
The targeted drug release at tumor cells while sparing normal cells is a huge challenge, despite the recent growth of the field, nanomedicine has only managed modest improvements over conventional molecular drugs and imaging probes. To increase the efficacy of nanomedicine requires understanding of fundamental processes that govern the ability of nanoparticles to locate and remain at diseased sites within the body.
Core-shell magnetoelectric (ME) nanoparticles have addressed the problem of specificity using shape-dependent magneto-electric attributes. The colloidally stable, core-shell cobalt ferrite-barium titanate (CFO-BTO) ME nanoparticles (NPs) used for in vitro study were synthesized using sonochemical method. The structural characteristics and core-shell morphology were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) respectively. Subsequently, the synthesized nanoparticles were functionalized with anticancer drugs including doxorubicin and methotrexate up to 80% via (EDC) chemistry. In vitro cytotoxicity studies carried out on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human malignant melanoma (HT144), cells validated the magneto-electric property of CFO-BTO nano-carriers in the presence of external magnetic field (5 mT), with significantly enhanced cytotoxicity when compared to free drugs and without field replicates. The fluorescent microscopy results indicated the increased apoptosis in magnetic field-assisted samples and hemolysis assay indicated the suitability of CFO-BTO nano-carriers for intravenous applications at IC50 concentration.
Key words: Cobalt ferrite-Barrium titanate (CFO-BTO), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs), Methotrexate (MTX), Doxorubicin (DOX).
