ABSTRACT
The analysis of marine contamination and its impacts in sub-Saharan Africa (using the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria as a case study) is structured into five chapters. Chapter one introduces the study. Chapter two examines the viewpoints of various authors, while chapter three outlines the research methodology. Chapters four and five present the data analysis and recommendations, respectively. As pesticides are integrated into the marine environment, they swiftly permeate the intricate food chains. Within these food networks, these chemicals can trigger genetic abnormalities and maladies, posing adverse effects on human well-being and the entire web of life. (Ubani and Onyejekwe, 2013) Toxic metals can also contaminate marine ecosystems. Their presence can alter tissue composition, biochemical processes, behavior, and reproductive functions, while stunting growth in marine organisms. Notably, many animal feeds contain high levels of fish meal or fish extracts, creating a pathway for these toxins to reach landbased animals, potentially manifesting in meat and dairy products. (Imevbore and Adeyemi, 1981) Approximately 90% of global trade relies on the shipping industry, which is widely recognized for its safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Despite rising concerns about marine pollution, statistical data indicate a gradual reduction over the past decade. (Imevbore and Adeyemi, 1981) This trend aligns with the broader improvement in shipping safety observed throughout the 20th century. Records indicate a loss rate of 1% annually in 1910, which has since declined to approximately one ship per 670 in 2010. (Manby, 1999) Additionally, the shipping sector is subject to stringent regulations that have been strengthened over the last two decades. These regulations prioritize harmonization among nations. (Bronwen, 2007
