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ABSTRACT
Fluoride is common in our tap water as well as in many sources of drinking water. It’s a natural mineral that exists in the earth’s upper crust and occurs naturally in surface waters and groundwater around most parts of the world. In surface waters, it occurs naturally from the weathering of rocks and soils containing fluoride compounds while in groundwater, it occurs from leaching of bedrocks with fluoride content. Water fluoridation is the water adjustment process that rises or reduces the natural fluoride concentration in drinking water to an optimum level that’s effective for reducing tooth decay and promoting good dental health.
Ten water samples were collected randomly from Ubgowo community, Egor local government area, Benin City, Edo State and Kringing Interpolation method was used to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the groundwater samples, to investigate specifically the concentration of fluoride present, to determine the overall water quality index of the water sample, to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride around the study area.From the result obtained it was noticed that there was little or no concentration of fluoride in the study area and the fluoride concentration within the study area were all within the W.H.O approved standard which proves that the water is safe for drinking. From kringing interpolation analyses, the mean standardized error from the cross validation statistics for fluoride as seen in table 4.5a were all negative values and due to the fact that the mean standardized error was close to zero the best model for spatial dependence of fluoride was the stable model and the degree of spacial dependency for fluoride is strong. The kriging interpolation method was also used for other water parameters such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, calcium and the results obtained are given in chapter 4.
