ABSTRACT
Introduction: Fever is a common symptom in children under the age of five, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it is frequently attributed to infections like malaria. Mismanagement of fever by caregivers, often due to "fever phobia," can lead to inappropriate practices such as overuse of antipyretics or home remedies. This study explores the knowledge, practices, and challenges caregivers face in managing childhood fever in Egor Local Government, Benin City, Nigeria, with the goal of identifying areas for improvement. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the current knowledge and practices of caregivers regarding fever management in children and to identify factors influencing these practices. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, targeting caregivers in Egor Local Government Area. A total of 630 respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires adapted from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, practices, and the effectiveness of fever management. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study revealed that the majority of caregivers had moderate to good knowledge of fever management, with 67% correctly identifying key aspects of fever as an immune response. However, many caregivers exhibited "fever phobia," with over 50% administering antipyretics when fever was below 38°C. Misconceptions, such as the belief that all fevers require antibiotics, were noted among 44.8% of respondents. Common practices included administering paracetamol and using home remedies such as tepid sponging. Socioeconomic status and education levels were significant factors influencing caregivers' practices. Conclusion: Caregivers in Egor Local Government demonstrate varying levels of knowledge and practices in managing childhood fever. While many have adequate knowledge, inappropriate practices due to misconceptions and fear still persist. Interventions to improve xvi caregiver education on fever management are essential to reduce the risks associated with incorrect treatment. Keywords: Fever management, caregivers, childhood fever, fever phobia, Egor Local Government, Nigeria, antipyretics, health education
