ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infertility is a significant reproductive health concern affecting millions of couples worldwide. With advancements in medical technology, various treatment options are available to assist couples in overcoming infertility challenges. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of couples towards these infertility options play a crucial role in their decision-making process and treatment outcomes
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to comprehensively assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of infertility options among couples seeking fertility treatment at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. Additionally, it seeks to identify the factors influencing the willingness to choose and practice infertility options among these couples.
METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals attending the fertility clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between 2021 and 2023. A sample size of 260 was determined using a multi-stage sampling technique, and data was collected using structured questionnaires adapted from validated scales. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee, University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 27.0 and the level of significance was set at p <0.05, and a confidence interval of 95%. Data was presented using prose, frequency tables and graphs.
RESULTS: Among 260 participants, the mean age was 40.6 ± 5.8, with a notable portion, 123 (47.3%) aged 40-49 years, and predominantly female. Majority, 210 (85.7%) were knowledgeable about infertility treatment, primarily through health facilities, 176 (71.8%), and knowledge was significantly influenced by education and income. While 197 respondents, (80.4%) discussed treatment options with physicians, only 35 (14.3%) exhibited good knowledge. Although 234 respondents (90.0%) supported ART services, only 218 (83.8%) were willing to use them, with IVF preferred among 182 respondents (80.9%) and fertility drugs among 158, (70.2%). Age, income, education, skill level, and religion significantly influenced attitudes and willingness towards ART. Satisfaction with ART services varied, with only 9 respondents (7.7%) being satisfied and 38 (32.5%) being dissatisfied. Cost, success rates, personal choice, cultural/religious beliefs, social stigma, and support impacted ART practice. Qualitative findings underscored IUI and IVF prevalence, with financial readiness and infertility cause driving treatment decisions. Psychological support was crucial amid treatment uncertainties.
CONCLUSION: Despite the limited knowledge of infertility treatment options among less than one-fifth of respondents, the study found a positive attitude towards assisted reproductive techniques (ART) among over four-fifths of participants. Almost all respondents expressed willingness to use ART and recommend it to others, adoption and surrogacy were less favored options. The most practiced ART methods were IVF and drugs, with nearly half of respondents having undergone treatment. Challenges such as the cost of treatment, procedural failures, and stigma were prevalent. Factors including age, income, religion, educational status, and skill level were identified as key determinants influencing the practice and willingness to practice ART.
Improving education and awareness about infertility treatments, especially among older and lower-income individuals, is crucial. Mitigating cost barriers and offering comprehensive support services can boost the use of ART and enhance satisfaction. Culturally sensitive strategies and psychological support can further improve patient experiences and outcomes.
Keywords: Infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Satisfaction, Education, Awareness, Psychological Support, Cultural Sensitivity, Cost, Support Services, Financial Access.
