ABSTRACT
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The Covid-19 Vaccines is intended to provide acquired immunity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2), the virus that causes Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19). There are several COVID-19 vaccinations available worldwide. The vaccine used for this study was the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. This study was designed to investigate the changes induced by a Covid-19 vaccine on the kidney in a rat model. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighting between 157g to 318g were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. Groups; A, B, C, D, E & F. Group A served as Control while Group B, C, D, E, & F served as treatment groups. Group A were administered 0.2ml of Sterile Injection water; Group B, C, D, & E were intramuscularly vaccinated with 0.5ml of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine respectively. While Group F was vaccinated with 0.5ml OxfordAstraZeneca vaccine and also induced with 0.4ml of Alloxan. At the end of the experiment, which lasted for 90days. The animals were sacrificed their kidney were harvested and immediately fixed in 10% of formal saline for tissue processing. Haematoxylin and Eosin stains were used for the histological staining. The result revealed that there was significant difference in body weight. There was no significant difference in the brain weight across the groups. There was also no significant difference observed in the neurosomatic index across the groups. There was significant increases in the total protein level and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in all groups. Results also showed there was significant increase in Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the Acute, Subacute and Chronic group while significant decreases were observed in the Subchronic and Diabetic group. There was significant increase in Glutathione (GSH) in the Acute, Subacute and Chronic group while significant decreases were observed in the Subchronic and Diabetic group. There was significant increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level observed in the Subacute group while significant decreases were observed in the Subchronic and Diabetic group. There was significant increase in Catalase (CAT) observed in the Acute and Subacute groups. Histologically, there was maintenance of normal tissue histology in groups administered only Oxford Astra-Zeneca. The Group treated with Alloxan and Oxford Astra-Zeneca showed cerebellar vascular congestion, ulceration and oedema.
