INVESTIGATING THE LIKELY GENOMIC ALTERATIONS IN SELECTED GENES

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer is known to be the most common cancer in men and a slowgrowing potentially lethal disease usually found in men over the age of 50 years. The aim of this study was to determine the genomic alterations of genes among some prostate cancer patients in Osun State. Specimens were drawn from the archives of the Department of Histopathology at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife. Previously processed and diagnosed prostate cancer blocks between 2014 to 2019 were selected for this study. The corresponding reports were also sought for each selected paraffin wax block. DNA was extracted from the tissue using the Dellaporta DNA extraction protocol with little modification. PCR was carried out in a GeneAmp 9700 PCR System Thermal cycler with a PCR profile for each primer. The amplified DNA was sequenced using a Genetic Analyzer 3130xl sequencer from Applied Biosystems. This study revealed the occurrence of genomic alterations in the APC, PTEN and CDKS genes in the prostate cancer tissue. The APC gene was observed to have been altered on positions 163, 430, 579, 621, 766, and 903 on the amino acid. In addition, the presence of an A-G mutation was observed in position 163, T-C mutation was observed in position 430, G-A mutation in position 579, T-C mutation in position 621. A-G mutation in position 766 and T-C mutation in position 903. The PTEN gene was observed to have been altered on positions 220, 265 and 268 on the amino acid. In addition, C deletion was observed in position 220, the presence of G-T mutation was observed in position 265 and another C deletion was observed in position 268 while CDKS gene also was observed to have been altered on position 297 on the amino acid whereas the presence of A-G mutation was observed in position 297. Routine genomic screening of adult male above 40 years of age is advocated to detect early as well as manage and treat patients with prostatic cancer. Several clinical traials of postrate cancer gene therapy, using therapitic gene which include suicide genes immunodolatory genes, turmor suppressor genes and antioncogenes, are under way and personalized medicines are encouraged for the proper treatement of prostrate cancer.