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ABSTRACT
As a result of its environmental advantages, biodegradability, and renewability, biodiesel has become a subject that is rapidly attracting global interest. As an alternative fuel for diesel engines, it is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum-fueled engines. Transesterification ofa triglyceride feedstock with methanol or other short-chain alcohols is common for biodiesel processing. Extraction and transesterification of Citrus sinensis seed oil was carried out in this study. The seed had a moisture content of 0.87 percent, and it had a percentage oil yield of 43.46 percent. The oil's physicochemical properties included density (0.90 g/cm3), specific gravity (0.902), kinematic viscosity at 40 oc (23.50 mPa.s), cloud point (15.0 oc), pour point (11.0 oc), smoke point (170.0 oc), flash point (203.0 oc), fire point (265.0 oc), saponification value (258.83mgKOH/g), acid value (6.94 mgKOH/g), FFA (1.47mgKOH/g), Peroxide value (2.83 meq/kg), and Iodine value (115.09 g12/100g. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel were compared to the ASTM standard, and it was found that citrus sinensis seed oil is a good feedstock for biodiesel synthesis since the results are within the ASTM specification standard.
