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ABSTRACT
Urbanization is rapidly altering aquatic ecosystems worldwide, with profound implications for aquatic organisms. This study investigates the impact of urban runoff on the benthic and pelagic fish fauna in Ikpoba River, Nigeria, focusing on the assessment of brain tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and heavy metal contamination. The study's primary objectives were to evaluate the physiological responses of fish to urbanization-induced stressors and to assess the potential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in their tissues.Field surveys and laboratory analyses were conducted over a one-year period, involving the collection of fish specimens from both benthic and pelagic zones of the river. Brain tissues of the fish were analyzed for the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Concurrently, the concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, mercury) in fish tissues were quantified. Results indicated significant alterations in the antioxidant enzyme activities in response to urban runoff-related stressors, with variations observed between benthic and pelagic species. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination was detected in fish tissues, suggesting potential risks to both fish and consumers along the food chain. This study underscores the need for proactive urban planning and management practices to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization on aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the biochemical responses of fish to urban runoff and assessing heavy metal contamination levels provides valuable insights into the health of Ikpoba River's aquatic fauna and informs conservation efforts and water quality management strategies in the region.
