ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection with HIV poses significant health risks, particularly in regions with limited healthcare access. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection among HIV-positive individuals in Benin City, Nigeria, and to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 250 HIV-positive participants and 100 healthy controls. Serum samples were screened using rapid immunoassay kits for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies, while clinical and demographic data were collected via structured questionnaires. No cases of HIV/HBV/HCV triple co-infection were recorded, but the prevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV-positive participants was 4.8% and 2.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed jaundice (p = 0.001, OR = 26.8) and treatment status (p = 0.010, OR = 37.3) as significant predictors of HBV positivity.  Although fatigue and abdominal pain were significant in univariate analysis, they lost predictive value in the multivariate model. HCV prevalence remained low, with no significant demographic predictors. This study emphasizes the importance of routine screening and integrated healthcare strategies in managing viral hepatitis co-infections in HIV-positive populations. Public health initiatives should focus on HBV vaccination, early detection, and improved treatment access, alongside targeted occupational health programs. The absence of triple co-infection highlights the need for sustained preventive efforts in this high-risk group. These findings provide valuable insight for future research and evidence-based policy development.