ABSTRACT
Natural and manmade processes formed Capitol Hill, the Capitol gully at the University of Benin (UNIBEN) campus.
High-erodible soils and steep slopes cause gullies. The research location is steep, which increases the danger of soil erosion and gully development during heavy rains, according to Adeoye & Adebowale (2015). Due to their high clay and low organic matter content, the research area's soils are prone to erosion (Adebowale and Adeoye, 2013). Poor land use practices including overgrazing, deforestation, and creating impermeable surfaces like roads and buildings cause gullies. These activities enhance surface runoff and decrease soil water infiltration, causing gullies (Adebowale and Adeoye, 2011).
Poor drainage also causes gullies in the study region. According to Adeoye and Adebowale (2015), the drainage infrastructure around the research region cannot handle the enormous volume of runoff during heavy rainfall. Debris clogs drainage channels and ditches, preventing water movement and increasing gully risk.
