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ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of salinity on the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) rhizo-inoculation with Bacillus subtilis under differing pH levels was investigated. Salinity is a major yield-reducing factor in rice production. This also has far-reaching effects on soil pH levels. Rice seeds (var. FARO 44) were sown in Petri dishes till they produced seed-leaves and elaborate roots. One kilogram of garden soil was placed in small nursery bags and amended to 100 mM NaCl in the first instance. Thereafter, the rice seedlings were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and immediately transplanted into the nursery bags. The transplants were subsequently exposed to periodic wetting with 5 ml of pH-adjusted water (pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) every day, and with 5 ml of 100 mM NaCl every 4 days. The set up was observed for 30 days. Results showed significance reduction in chlorophyll a and b as well as lycopene and tocopherol contents of leaves due to changes in the lipid protein ratio of pigment-protein complex or increased chlorophyllase activity and drought stress. There were improved morphological characteristics such as plant height, sheath and foliar dimensionsdue to inoculation of B. subtilis. Increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in plant height, leaf length and sheath. Inoculation not only promoted rice growth by supplying nutrient and IAA, but also enhanced rice tolerance towards salinity owing to the fact that FARO 44 is a salinity tolerant rice variety. A better understanding of the interaction between microbial inoculants and soil conditions is required to harness the desired benefits towards improving crop development
