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ABSTRACT
The use of medicinal plants is very common worldwide. Icacina trichantha Oliv. is an underutilized plant with future potential. This research evaluated the effect administration of the hydro-methanol leaf extract of the plant on the biochemical parameters and histopathology on the kidneys of albino Wistar rats. Sub-acute toxicity test was carried out in the rats. Twenty-one (21) male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into three (3) groups of Seven (7) animals each with daily administration of de-ionized water to the control group and doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of the extract to the treatment groups for 28 days. All animals were observed for signs of toxicity and mortality. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day. Changes in body weight and organ to body weight were examined. Blood samples were taken for biochemical assays. The kidneys were harvested and histologically examined. There was no significant difference in the creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and chlorine levels in the treatment groups when compared to the control (P > 0.05) but a significant difference was observed in the bicarbonate level of the treatment group administered a dose of 250 mg/kg when compared to the other treatment group and the control ( P < 0.05). Histopathological studies revealed active renal interstitial congestion in the 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg treatment groups. The biochemical analysis revealed a dose-dependent variation in the bicarbonate level while the histopathological results showed dose-dependent pathological states suggesting the potential of Icacina trichantha to cause biochemical and histological variations depending on the administered dose.
