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ABSTRACT
Peptic ulcers are disease that affect the internal lining of the human stomach and are among the most serious disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Traditional medications and plant-based alternatives are used for treatment due to their perceived lower side effects and cost. This project investigates the anti-ulcer properties of raw pap (fermented corn extract) on the stomach of mice, focusing on peptic ulcers through microscopic analysis. Corn, a significant energy source with essential nutrients, is used to make a paste called Pap. The study induced peptic ulcers in mice using two models: ethanol/hydrochloric acid-induced and NSAIDs-induced (indomethacin). The severity of ulcers was quantified using the ulcer index; U.I. = [Ulcerated area/total stomach area] × 100) and percentage inhibition; %Ulcer inhibition = [U.I. in control − U.I. in test] × 100/U.I. in control. The results showed that raw pap effectively combats peptic ulcers. In the ethanol/hydrochloric acid model, doses of 300, 900 and 1500 mg/kg notably reduced ulcer severity. The standard drug (omeprazole) displayed the highest inhibition (90%), followed by doses of 1500 mg/kg (77%), 900 mg/kg (70%), and 300 mg/kg (54%). In the indomethacin model, omeprazole again led with a 90% reduction, followed by 1500 mg/kg (70%), 900 mg/kg (57%), and 300 mg/kg (47%). The histology study revealed a reversal of the peptic ulceration back to normal by evidence of reduction in the ulceration area of the isolated stomach of the mice. This research for the first time revealed the scientific efficacy of the fermented raw pap in the management of peptic ulcer.
