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ABSTRACT
The burden of oral diseases and their related impact on the promotion and dissemination of antibiotic resistance have imposed a sizable problem on global public health. In addition to the increase in phenotypically resistant orodental pathogen; a threat may also be posed by isolates with silent but intact antibiotic resistance genes especially if undiagnosed. Such isolates could compromise the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment in the management of orodental infections. This study evaluates the epidemiological trends and demographic distribution of oral diseases. The antibiogram of associated bacterial aetiologic agents to relevant antibiotics and selected multidrug resistant isolates were evaluated. This was with a view to updating epidemiological data on oral diseases and in orodental antimicrobial treatment failures.
Demographics of 598 patients who attended and were treated for various orodental diseases in Benin City metropolis were assessed with standard data collection format. Clinical specimens were collected from sub gingival pockets of patients with sterile swab sticks and transported to the laboratory in sodium thioglycolate broth. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were processed for each specimen on 10.0% blood agar for twenty four hours. Colonial characteristics, Gram staining, Beta-lactamase production and biochemical tests (catalase, coagulase, indole and oxidase) were carried out on each bacterial isolate. The agar disk diffusion method as approved by EUCAST for aerobes/anaerobes was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial discs used for this study included; perfloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clindamycin and metronidazole. Isolates with multiple resistance phenotypes were selected for molecular characterization. The presence of antibiotic resistance factors from the multiple drug resistant isolates were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the amplification products.
