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ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of socio-economic determinants of life expectancy on economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023, employing an Error Correction Model (ECM) for analysis. The key variables considered include population growth rate, life expectancy, secondary school enrollment rate (SSER), and total healthcare expenditure (THCE). The findings reveal significant insights into the relationship between these factors and economic performance, measured by Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). The analysis indicates a statistically significant positive relationship between population growth rate and RGDP, suggesting that an expanding population contributes to economic growth by increasing the labor force and consumer base. Life expectancy also shows a positive and statistically significant impact on RGDP, affirming that improved health outcomes enhance workforce productivity and economic performance. Although secondary school enrollment rate demonstrated a positive relationship with RGDP, the result was statistically insignificant, implying that the quality of education may be more critical than enrollment rates alone. Total healthcare expenditure exhibited a negative but statistically insignificant relationship with RGDP, highlighting the need for efficient resource allocation to realize its economic benefits. The ECM coefficient underscores the economy's capacity to adjust to short-term disequilibria and move toward long-term equilibrium, emphasizing the role of socio-economic factors in shaping sustainable growth. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of investing in healthcare, managing population growth, and improving education quality to drive economic growth. Policy recommendations include enhancing healthcare infrastructure, supporting family planning, aligning education with market needs, and optimizing healthcare expenditure. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, offering a roadmap to achieve inclusive and sustainable economic development in Nigeria.
