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ABSTRACT
The common objective of plants in the healing of illnesses and infections is revealed by their benefit in all the significant aspect of medicine irrespective of the primary philosophical thesis and viewpoints throughout history and remain to help as the backbone for many pharmaceuticals today. How and when such therapeutic plants were originally utilized, is in many cases cannot be found in pre-history (Evans W. C., 2009). Amaranthus spinosus was been employed for healing of numerous diseases. In traditional and further system of medicines, A. spinosus assisted patients to get free of diseases.Continual accumulation of lead in the body ultimately drives to impairment in renal function (Restek-Samarzija et al., 1996). The aim of this study is to check the effect of aqueous extract of Amaranthus spinosus on lead acetate induced damage in adult wistar rats.30 adult wistar rats weighing between 150g-200g were used for this experiment with five rats in each group. Group A was the control given water and feed only. Group B animals were given lead acetate orally at 15mg/kg. Group C received oral administration of low dose of Amaranthus spinosus (250mg). Group D received high dose of Amaranthus spinosus (1000mg). Group E received both lead acetate at 15mg/kg and a low dose of Amaranthus spinosus (250mg). Group F was given lead acetate at 15mg/kg and a high dose of Amaranthus spinosus (1000mg) orally. The result for this experiment showed the control group displayed normal tubule, glomerular and interstitial space. The group given lead acetate only, showed severe vasodilation, congestion, ulceration and inflammatory cells. Group C displayed normal tubule, normal glomerular and normal vascular structure with no much difference from Group D. Group E showed normal tubule and glomerular with more appreciably difference from Group F results of all having ameliorated the harmful effects of lead acetate. Based on statistics, there was no observable difference in the level of urea across the groups. There was an increase of sodium in group C, D, E and F. Increase of potassium in group C, D, E and F. There was an increase of chlorine in all groups when compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the levels of creatinine across the groups. An increase in renal weight in group F. No significant difference in body weight across the groups. In conclusion, Amaranthus spinosus has a protective effect against lead acetate induced kidney damage and its effect is dose dependent. At low dosage, its effects can be used to prevent lead poisoning.
