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ABSTRACT
Gastric damage and gastric lesions are serious diseases affecting a wide variety of individuals worldwide and are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. Alium sativum is a perennial bulbous plant that is grown in temperate regions. Several research studies have been done on Alium sativum(Garlic) and these studies have proven the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti- ulcer potentials of this vegetable. The present study was aimed at evaluating the histological effect of aqueous extract of Allium sativum on alcohol-induced gastric damage of the adult Wistar rats. Thirty (30) adult wistar rats, weighing between 180g-250g, were obtained and acclimatized for two (2) weeks and housed in plastic cages for a period of one month (30 days). This study was randomly divided into six(6) groups with five(5) animals in each group fed with animal feed and water across all groups. Group A- (control group) received animal feed and distilled water only for a period of one month (30days), all groups were fasted for 48hours and administered with alcohol except Group A. Group B- sacrificed after 12hours of administering the alcohol. Group C- left without any intervention for a period of one month (30days), Group D- Administered with Omeoprazole for a period of one month (30days). Group E - Administered 250mg/kg body weight of low dose respectively of aqueous extract for a period of one month(30days). Group F- Administered 500mg/kg body weight of high dose respectively of aqueous extract for a period of one month(30days). At the end of the experimental period, the rats in all groups were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. The stomach was excised and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48hours. The stomach was processed with hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. The result of this study shows that administration of both the low dose( 250mg/kg bodyweight) and high dose( 500mg/kg body weight) of aqueous extract of Alium sativum ameliorated the effect of the gastric damage on the rats in both groups E and group F when compared to the control group. However, administration of the standard drug Omeprazole to the rats in group D has a better curative effect than the high dose(500mg/kg body weight) and the low dose (250mg/kg) as seen in the histological analysis. In conclusion, the administration of Alium sativum has an ameliorative effect on alcohol-induced gastric damage in adult Wistar rats.
