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ABSTRACT
Piper guineense which is also known as West African black pepper or Uziza leaf, has garnered attention for its potential bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties.The consumption has been linked to a number of health advantages, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic and antiplatelet properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varied concentrations of Piper guineense aqueous leaf extract on GATA-1 and STAT5 genes in mediating haematopoiesis in male albino wistar rats. A total of twenty (20) male albino wistar rats were used and divided into four (4) different groups namely groups A, B, C and D, representing control group, 100mg/kg of Piper guineense, 200mg/kg of Piper guineense and 300mg/kg of Piper guineense respectively. Haematological parameters, mRNA expressions of GATA-1 and STAT5 were determined using Haematology Autoanalyser, gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. Data obtained were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The comparison of haematological parameters amongst the study groups revealed that haematocrit level was significantly higher in groups B (40.7±1.54) and group C (41.8±2.17) when compared to control group A (36.33) (p<0.05). Mean corpuscular haemoglobin was significantly higher in groups B (21.9±0.69), group C (22.88±0.92) and group D (23.24±1.36) when compared to control group A (19.13±0.81) (p<0.05). White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets showed no significant difference between the control group and the treatment groups (p>0.05). The mRNA expression of GATA-1 was significantly higher in Group B, C and D when compared to the control group A (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of STAT5 was significantly higher in Group B and C when compared to the control group A (p<0.05) but significantly lower in group D (p<0.05). Conclusively, Piper guineense aqueous leaf extract exerted an increase in body weight and some haematological parameters in albino wistar rats. It also displayed a concentration-based increase in GATA-1 expression in all the treatment groups when compared to the control group A and a decrease in STAT5 expression in the high dose group. These results suggests that Piper guineense could influence haematopoiesis in albino wistar rats by modulating the expressions of GATA-1 and STAT5.
