ABSTRACT
Background: Fumarate, a natural compound vital for energy metabolism, has wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. While its chronic benefits are welldocumented, its subacute toxicity remains understudied, particularly concerning the cardiorenal system. Assessing fumarate's toxicological properties is crucial for consumer safety, regulatory compliance, and industry guidance, essential for informed decision-making and safe product development. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of subacute administration of fumarate on cardiorenal parameters. Methods: Experimental animals consisted of male and female Wistar rats. The study involved monitoring body weight, collecting blood and organ samples after a 28-day exposure to fumarate. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in mice to determine LD-50. Sub-acute toxicity studies were performed on rats with different fumarate doses, monitoring body weight, and collecting blood and organs for analysis. Organ weights were recorded, and statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Results: Body weight changes occurred in rats throughout the study, with fluctuations from day 14 to day 28. Creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), plasma troponin, and myoglobin levels significantly (p-value < 0.01) differed from the control group after 28 days of fumarate administration. Renal function parameters showed dose-dependent changes. White cell parameters and haematological parameters were significantly altered. Histopathological examination revealed normal heart and kidney tissues in all groups. Conclusion: Subacute fumarate exposure in rats had significant effects on cardiac, renal, haematological parameters, and white blood cells, suggesting potential health risks. Normal heart and kidney tissues were preserved, emphasizing the need for further safety investigations. Keywords: Fumarate, Subacute toxicity, Cardiac biomarkers, Renal function, Histopathological examination.
