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ABSTRACT
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder which arises from not fully understood heterogenic factors (Wu et al., 2018). Lipids have also been reported to play an important role in the development of asthma through inflammatory responses and oxidative stress (Stacey et al., 2017; Efrat et al., 2015; Miora et al., 2017). Montelukast and Hydrocortisone are good examples of anti-asthmatic agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Montelukast and Hydrocortisone on Lipid profile in asthma induced Sprague Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 180-250 g were divided into two (2) main groups; the Control group and Test group which was further divided into three (3) subgroups in which one group consisted of asthmatic rats which were not treated with anti-asthmatic drugs and the other two which was treated with anti-asthmatic drugs (Montelukast and Hydrocortisone) respectively. All the groups consisted of twenty (20) rats each (n=5). The control group received normal rat chow and water throughout the experimental period while the test groups were exposed to concentrations of Ovalbumin (OVA, egg albumin grade II) and aluminum hydroxide to induce asthma which was confirmed by evidence of neutrophilia and eosinophilia in all test groups compared to control (Bai et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2019), after which they were treated with Montelukast and Hydrocortisone. Lipids levels measured after administration included total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein. Data obtained from lipids analysis were expressed as mean ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for assessing differences amongst multiple groups, followed by Tukey's test using Graphpad Prism 10.0.3 software (Graphpad, San Diego, CA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed a statistically significant difference in total cholesterol p<0.05 for montelukast group and hydrocortisone groups when compared to negative control and montelukast XIII respectively, no statistically significant difference in triglyceride and high density lipoprotein for all groups when compared to control and a statistically significant difference in low density lipoprotein p<0.05 for montelukast and hydrocortisone when compared to negative control and montelukast respectively. This led to the conclusion that montelukast may serve as a better anti-asthmatic drug than hydrocortisone as it acted to reduce levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein unlike hydrocortisone which caused an increase compared to montelukast. This is because the reduced low density lipoprotein play role in the pathogenesis of asthma and montelukast caused a reduction in its level.
