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ABSTRACT
Ionizing radiation is characterized by its ability to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms and molecules, plays a pivotal roles in the fields of oncology and medical imaging. This abstract provides concise information of the basic mechanism underlying the effect of ionizing radiation on biomolecules, cells, tissues and organ while highlighting its critical applications in cancer therapy and medical imaging. The fundamental mechanism of ionizing radiation-induced damage centers on the creation of free radicals including reactive oxygen species [ROS] through the interaction of high energy photons or particle with water molecules. These ROS in turn can damage crucial biomolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids which leads to genetic mutations and cell death.
