EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CITRUS SINENSIS PHYTOWASTES

ABSTRACT

Exposure to heavy metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) poses significant health risks, particularly to the liver and kidneys, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. The study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of citrus sinensis phytowastes on liver and kidney exposed to Lead and Cadmium. Male Wistar rats with weights between 100-190g were divided into five groups. Group 1 served as the control group and received 1ml of distilled water, group 2 were exposed to Pb (100mg/kg) and Cd (200mg/kg) in their drinking water while group 3 also exposed to Pb (100mg/kg) and Cd (200mg/kg) with the co-adminstration of Zn and Se of 1mg/kg and 1.5mg/kg BW respectively. Group 4 and 5 serving as the treatment group of ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis phytowaste 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively exposed to Pb and Cd. The administration lasted for 30days, and after which the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed. The levels of liver and kidney biomarkers: ALT, AST, ALP, T.B, D.B, ALB, T.P, Urea and Creatinine in the group exposed to Pb and Cd all resulted in abnormalities compared to the control group but this abnormality was seen significantly in Urea. Wistar rats exposed to lead and cadmium exhibited changes in serum markers indicative of liver and kidney toxicity. However, rats treated with the ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis displayed improvements in these markers, suggesting protection against lead and cadmium-induced liver and kidney toxicity. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis may offer protective benefits against liver and kidney damage caused by lead and cadmium exposure.