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ABSTRACT
Cadmium poisoning has been reported from large parts of the world. It is one of the heavy metal toxicants that can cause organ impairment and in some cases death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Annona muricata on kidney organ function in cadmium exposed rats. A total of 40 male rats weighing 240 +_ 50g were used for this study. The rats were distributed to five (5) groups of eight rats each. Normal control group, cadmium control group, Cadmium+100 mg/kg bwt extract, Cadmium+300 mg/kg bwt extract and Cadmium+500 mg/kg bwt Annona muricata leaf extract (ALE). The rats in these groups were administered Cadmium subcutaneously at a dosage of (3.5 mg/kg bd. wt) excluding the control group. The introduction of cadmium toxicant led to an increase in Urea/Creatinine ratio concentrations relative to the control group. The treatment of rats exposed to cadmium and other experimental groups administered extract (ALE) plus cadmium showed a significant decrease in creatinine concentration and elevated urea levels relative to the control. Thus, the results obtained from this study suggests that methanol extract of Annona muricata is fairly effective in ameliorating the effect of cadmium on kidney abnormalities in cadmium exposed rats. Cadmium doses administered to rats resulted in some morphological changes and a brief histopathological study was also carried out which varied distinctly from the control group animals. The glucose levels were observed to elevate relative to the control group rats which were not exposed to cadmium toxicant. The dosage of 500 mg/kg (ALE) extract is viewed to be the dose that alleviates the adverse effect of cadmium on kidney function parameters. The accumulation of this toxic metal occurs in the kidney and other organs, it is therefore necessary to prevent heavy metal contaminants in humans and also profer immediate treatment in case of accidental inhalation or ingestion.
