DIAGNOSIS OF PERFORATION RELATED FORMATION DAMAGE ON WELL PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

Formation damage, arising from drilling, completion, injection, stimulation, or production activities in oil and gas wells, manifests as a reduction in permeability near the wellbore. This reduction in permeability leads to a decrease in well productivity due to the clogging of the formation's pores. Typically, during well completions, a producing casing or liner is run into the well and cemented in place after drilling the reservoir. To establish the necessary connection between the reservoir and the wellbore, it is essential to perforate through the cemented casing or liner. Currently, there is a significant trend in the industry involving the creation of clusters of horizontal wellbores with extensive perforations. While perforation is crucial for reservoir access, it can inadvertently result in 'skin damage,' diminishing well productivity. Understanding the impact of perforation damage on production and completions is vital. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the perforation process, its techniques, and its applications within the oil and gas sector. Additionally, it explores how perforations influence well productivity concerning formation damage caused by drilling and work over operations, as well as the perforation process itself. The study compares the effects of shot density and perforation depth on both damaged and undamaged perforations, shedding light on the relationship between well productivity and perforation procedures".