ABSTRACT
Because of the drawbacks associated with the usage of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in expanding the adoption of renewable energy systems. However, integrating renewable energy technologies into the grid presents a number of issues in terms of system operation, stability, reliability, and power quality. Small hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are compact power systems that include energy sources and storage units to manage energy production and consumption more efficiently. HRES monitoring in real time is critical because it gives exact data that allows the system operator to analyze overall performance and discover any irregularities. An IoT-based design for HRES is proposed in this study, which includes a wind turbine and a solar system. The suggested design has four layers: power, data acquisition, communication network, and application. The monitoring parameters are divided into three categories: electrical, status, and environmental information. Additionally, network modeling and simulation are taken into account, focusing on crucial factors such as network structure, link capacity, and latency, all of which are thoroughly investigated and discussed. Furthermore, the growing interest in renewable energy systems is motivated by the recognition of the drawbacks associated with the widespread use of fossil fuels, including issues like pollution and climate change. Governments, industries, and individuals have acknowledged the urgency of transitioning toward cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
As renewable energy systems become increasingly common, their integration into the existing power grid presents a complex and multifaceted challenge. This successful integration necessitates the addressing of issues related to system operation, ensuring stability and reliability, and maintaining high power quality to meet consumer demands. Small hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) have emerged as a practical solution for efficiently harnessing energy from multiple sources. These compact systems combine various renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, along with energy storage units. By intelligently optimizing energy production and consumption, HRES can offer a dependable and continuous power supply.
Real-time monitoring of HRES plays a pivotal role in their effective operation. It enables the system operator to access precise and current information regarding the system's performance. This information is crucial for making informed decisions, optimizing energy usage, and promptly identifying and addressing any abnormal conditions or malfunctions.
To enable real-time monitoring, this study proposes an architecture for HRES based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This architecture consists of four distinct layers to facilitate efficient data flow and communication. The power layer handles energy generation and storage, while the data acquisition layer gathers relevant data from various sensors and devices.
