ABSTRACT
Heterotrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that play a crucial role in water sources, serving as indicators of microbial safety. These bacteria rely on organic compounds for growth and can cause waterborne diseases, posing significant challenges globally, particularly in urban areas like Benin City. Access to clean and safe water is essential for public health, and monitoring water sources for heterotrophic bacteria is vital for protecting public health. This study focuses on the detection of heterotrophic bacteria in water sources in Benin City, Nigeria, including the Ikpoba river and borehole wells. The study aimed to assess the microbial quality of water sources, identify potential pathogens, and evaluate the effectiveness of water treatment and disinfection methods. The bacteriological analysis of water samples revealed a high presence of heterotrophic bacteria, with bacterial counts varying from 17.5-29.4 cfu/100ml. The identified bacterial isolates included Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus subtilis. These findings highlight the need for proper water treatment and disinfection before consumption, especially in rural areas where water is often consumed directly from the source without testing. The study also emphasized the importance of proper water quality monitoring, treatment, and regulatory measures in Benin City. The abundance and diversity of heterotrophic bacteria are influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, and nutrient cycling, as well as human activities, such as urbanization, agriculture, and industrial discharge. Therefore, addressing these factors is crucial for improving water quality and protecting public health. Limitations of the study include sampling methods, virulence assay specificity, and temporal variability. Future studies should address these limitations and explore the potential impact of waterborne diseases on public health in Benin City. Overall, the study underscores the importance of monitoring and addressing heterotrophic bacteria in water sources to protect public health.
