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ABSTRACT
This project focuses on the design and construction of a 5KVA automatic voltage regulator (AVR) that utilizes a solid-state device, specifically an optically coupled relay (opto-coupler), for switching instead of conventional mechanical relays. Despite variations or decreases in the input voltage within a predetermined range, the AVR is made to maintain a steady output voltage. By replacing mechanical relays with an optically coupled relay, the system improves switching speed, reduces wear and tear, and enhances overall efficiency. The design implementation involves developing a control circuit that continuously monitors the alternating current (AC) voltage. This control circuit interacts with a triac, which selects the appropriate transformer tapping to either step up or step down the output voltage as required. The integration of an optically coupled relay ensures precise and rapid voltage adjustments, thereby optimizing performance. Testing and evaluation of this AVR will assess its ability to maintain voltage stability under varying input conditions. The elimination of mechanical relays significantly reduces noise, minimizes electrical arcing, and enhances the reliability and durability of the system. Furthermore, the high-speed switching capability of optically coupled relays provides faster response times to input voltage fluctuations, ensuring a more efficient voltage regulation process. This innovative approach enhances the overall effectiveness of automatic voltage regulators, making them more appropriate for uses requiring stability, dependability, and quick reaction to changes in voltage.
