DESIGN OF A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Many villages in Nigeria still struggle with inadequate water supply, forcing them to rely on rainwater, dug wells, streams, and rivers. Designing a water distribution system with the community's topography, population, and per capita use in mind is one of the best approaches to address this issue. For the hydraulic analysis and design of a small community (Ogute) water distribution network in Edo state Nigeria, a network model was built as part of this study. An optimal water supply system was constructed utilizing the base demand of each network junction and a design term of 20 years. The design population was projected to 4,942 people in 20 years using a growth rate of 2.44%. Daily per capita water demand was estimated as 90 liters. Using this data, the total demand was calculated as 447,780 liters/day. The network was modelled in EPANET with 14 pipes, 15 nodes, and 1 tank. Pipe diameters ranged from 75mm to 200mm. Extended period simulation determined the base demand as 0.58 L/s and peak demand as 0.87 L/s. The layout ensured adequate circulation and equitable pressures. The optimized model showed the system could supply the required demands at suitable pressures. Simulation results indicated minimum nodal pressure of 31.94m and maximum of 67.11m across the network. Adequate circulation prevented stagnation. Storage capacity of 471 m3 was designed to meet domestic and agricultural needs. This project provides a leastcost design to supply Ogute village with clean, potable water using standard engineering practice.